The goal of our exploratory research was to use remote sensing combined with community-based participatory research to discover trends in the correlation between tree canopy cover across neighborhoods and demographic distributions that would allow us to best target shading infrastructure towards under-resourced communities.

Using satellite imagery and LiDAR data, we were able to create maps of canopy distribution that allowed us to quantify canopy cover percentages and identify hotspots with the lowest vegetation density.

During this process, we also integrated features from census data, including income, race, and housing types to identify areas with disproportionate cover, using statistical techniques to analyze correlations between socioeconomic features and canopy density.

Coupled with ground truth surveys that involved physically verifying the presence and health of trees in certain neighborhoods, we were able to involve local volunteers to collect data on tree species diversity and health conditions.

We found that predominantly Hispanic and lower-income neighborhoods, especially those adjacent to major freeways and industrial zones, had the lowest vegetation density.

Initial GIS analyses pinpointed neighborhoods with the lowest tree canopy cover and highest vulnerability to heat stress in South Phoenix, primarily along Buckeye Road and near Interstate 17. Using data from the site assessments from our exploratory research to identify priority areas in South Phoenix with low tree canopy cover and high vulnerability to heat stress, combined with working with local community groups to poll residents on optimal locations for trees and green infrastructureselected native, drought-resistant species like Palo Verde and Desert Willow for optimal adaptation to Phoenix's arid climate.

We then implemented a phased planting strategy, focused on planting trees on residential streets, schoolyards, parks, and public parks to maximize shade provision.

We also used xeriscaping into residential and public landscapes to promote water-efficient gardening practices and reduce irrigation demands in a historically water-scarce state.

This allowed us to establish urban gardens in vacant lots and community spaces, providing fresh produce and enhancing green spaces to increase food security in underserved areas.

Using our study results, we identified high-heat zones along major thoroughfares and residential areas lacking adequate shade. The initiative included installing reflective rooftops on public buildings such as schools, local businesses, and community centers to reduce heat absorption and lower indoor temperatures.

We also helped construct shaded sidewalks using materials designed to reflect solar radiation, called "ghost trees".

Combined with native vegetation, we were able to mitigate heat and enhance urban greenery in areas around south Phoenix. We were able to secure funding through community grants to cover materials and labor costs.

When installing photovoltaic (PV) systems into parking lots and roofs across south Phoenix, we aimed to reduce energy consumption and promote renewable energy use. The project began with a detailed assessment of suitable sites based on solar exposure, structural integrity, and community accessibility. We were able to contact local schools, manufacturing facilities, and scrapyards to design cost-effective PV arrays tailored to each location's specific needs, ensuring optimal energy generation and cost efficiency.

By contacting local contractors, we were able to install PV systems to maximize sunlight exposure and minimize shading from nearby buildings or vegetation.

By contacting local contractors, we were able to install PV systems to maximize sunlight exposure and minimize shading from nearby buildings or vegetation.

Through partnerships with local businesses and fundraising initiatives, we secured funding for the project, covering equipment costs and installation expenses.

To influence policy and integrate these practices into urban planning and governance, we conducted research to identify gaps in existing policies related to urban sustainability and equitable development, specifically local ordinances, zoning regulations, and municipal plans to pinpoint areas with low tree and solar equity.‍

Based on our findings, we crafted evidence-based policy recommendations aimed at city and neighborhood officials, advocating for amendments that prioritize green infrastructure, equitable access to renewable energy, and resilience measures in vulnerable communities.

We first targeted councilwoman Maria Lopez, chief of staff to Phoenix's vice mayor, and were able to present our research findings on tree equity and solar potential.

We specifically advocated for the Green Roof Ordinance, which required all new commercial buildings over 10,000 square feet to dedicate at least 30% of their roof space to green roofs or solar installations. Working closely with councilwoman Maria Lopez — chief of staff to Phoenix's vice mayor — we eventually got the policy drafted, making amendments to zoning regulations mandating that new supermarkets and large retailers in environmentally vulnerable neighborhoods allocate a minimum of 20% of their parking lot area for solar photovoltaics.

Furthermore, we proposed the Urban Cooling Initiative (UCI), which mandates that all new residential developments in areas with high urban heat island effects incorporate urban shading features, such as shaded walkways and reflective rooftops, covering at least 40% of their outdoor areas. By securing a partnership with the Arizona Department of Housing, we want to ensure that developers  receive expedited permit approvals and potential state funding for compliance with these new cooling measures.